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Television Presentation From Defunct Countries and Regimes

Soviet Union, apartheid South Africa, East Germany, colonial Hong Kong, Yugoslavia, etc. (February 2013)

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TH
Thinker
From the 1972 book The Universal Eye: World Television in the Seventies by Timothy Green, here's a description of what a TV viewer in Moscow would have seen on a typical evening:

"The choice in Moscow, for instance, at eight o'clock one Tuesday in July 1971 was -- U.S.S.R. soccer championships on Channel 1, a profile of worker in a vacuum cleaner factory on Channel 2, a German lesson on Channel 3, and a new film, Bracelet 2, on Channel 4."

According to Green, the first channel was the flagship channel, broadcast across the Soviet Union, but not simultaneously because of the country's many time zones. The second channel was the local Moscow channel, "concentrating primarily on the capital scene..., covering events of the day, local sports and including plenty of live coverage of concerts and ballet." The third channel was "purely educational," while the fourth channel was mostly highbow/cultural.

At the time, the Soviet Union was the only country to use satellites as a primary method of domestic television distribution.


According to Russian Wikipedia, the Soviet television company, TsT SSSR, had six channels. All had somewhat different fates after that broadcaster was abolished at the end of 1991.
* The first programme was transferred to TsT SSSR's successor Ostankino. Ostankino was transformed into ORT a few years later and is now known as Channel One.
* The second programme was taken over by Yeltsin's Russian broadcaster RTR, who had started broadcasting some programmes on the channel earlier that year. Today it known as Russia 1, and the company behind it is called VGTRK.
* The Moscow programme was replaced by 2x2, an early private commercial network. The frequency was taken over by TV Centr in 1997, which is owned by the Moscow government.
* The fourth programme was the only other channel kept by Ostankino. With a mostly educational and cultural schedule, it remained on the air until 1994, when it was replaced by the new national private network NTV.
* The Leningrad programme came to be known as Channel 5 - Saint Petersburg and was transferred to a separate company. It continued broadcasting nationally until 1997, when it was replaced by Kultura (from RTR).
* The technical channel seemed to be an occasional test frequency, which was given to independent station TV6. It was closed down under suspicious circumstances in 2002 and replaced by a sports channel from VGTRK, now known as Russia 2.
Last edited by Thinker on 7 March 2013 3:37pm
WW
WW Update

According to Russian Wikipedia, the Soviet television company, TsT SSSR, had six channels. All had somewhat different fates after that broadcaster was abolished at the end of 1991.


At the end, yes; they kept increasing the number of channels. However, outside of London and Leningrad, the choice was far more limited. In the 1970s, most viewers in European Russia had a choice of two channels, while viewers in Asian Russia could pick up one channel -- distributed via satellite.

Quoting Timothy Green again about that satellite distribution system, as it functioned in 1972:

"Unlike the Intelsat satellites, poised at fixed positions over the equator, the Molniya satellite goes looping around the earth in an oval orbit (it cannot be 'fixed' over the equator, as the television pictures bounced back would then miss most of northern Siberia.) Thus Molniya does not provide cover throughout the twenty-four hours; instead it comes swinging in over Siberia twice a day. It is in range for about six hours at a time to relay the pictures from central television in Moscow. Each Orbita earth station tracks the satellite automatically as it passes by, catching the television pictures in huge dish aerials thirty-six feet across."

"The programs chosen for relay over the Orbita satellite network are a rather mixed bunch. In a single day they may include a program for amateur photographers, a children's story, a recital by David Oistrakh, football, a talk by an award winner of the Lenin Youth Organization and a play about life on a collective farm. The satellite channel normally transmits up two twelve hours a day, with the majority of the programs now being in color. News goes over the satellite network at least twice every day."


* The technical channel seemed to be an occasional test frequency, which was given to independent station TV6. It was closed down under suspicious circumstances in 2002 and replaced by a sports channel from VGTRK, now known as Russia 2.


For a while in the 1990s, TV6 was part-owned by Turner Broadcasting (the company behind CNN).
WW
WW Update
Television news from communist Hungary, 1984:



Part 2, including the weather forecast:



Sports intro:

WW
WW Update
Sponsored clock, station ident, and the late news from ATV's English-language service in Hong Kong, when HK was a British colony (1983):



This is how ATV looked like in 1980, when it was still known as Rediffusion Television (RTV):

http://img.photobucket.com/albums/v302/az2si/rtv-hk-1a.jpg

Unfortunately, the clip itself is no longer on YouTube.

Here's a schedule for RTV's English-language service from 1969:

http://gallifreybase.com/w/images/e/e7/HK_NN.JPG
Source: http://gallifreybase.com/w/index.php/Main_Page (in accordance w/ that site's Creative Commons license)

And here's more information about the history of Rediffusion Television in Hong Kong:

http://www.rediffusion.info/hk.html

http://www.rediffusion.info/RediffusionHouse_a.jpg
Last edited by WW Update on 8 March 2013 3:27pm - 2 times in total
WW
WW Update
These are really fascinating clips. It'd never passed my mind what TV would have looked like in the futile minority-ruled Rhodesia and South Africa.

My limited understanding informs me that trade with Rhodesia was forbidden - how then did they show Doctor Who? Was it an unauthorised airing? Where would the transfer have come from?


I'll turn to Timothy Green's 1972 book again:

"...in Rhodesia, which has had television since 1960, there are fifty thousand sets, ten times more per head of the population than in Africa as a whole. Rhodesian television, however, is very much the odd man out; it is aimed at the white population. Moreover, since the country's unilateral declaration of independence from Britain in 1965 resulted in United Nations sanctions, it has not been able to buy programs openly from Britain or America, although this has not prevented it from getting prints of the latest shows by various roundabout methods."

Green doesn't specify what those methods were.

More information specifically pertaining to Doctor Who in Rhodesia can be found HERE. According to one source quoted there, some episodes were illegally taped off the air in the UK for transmission in Rhodesia.
TH
Thinker
The last ever transmission ever from Deutscher Fernsehfunk, the state broadcaster in East Germany, on New Year's Eve 1992. It ended the only way possible: With a cheesy schlager medley.

WW
WW Update
And from December 1990, this is the last-ever edition of Aktuelle Kamera , the flagship newscast of the former East Germany:



Of course, by this time Germany had already been reunited. This is what Aktuelle Kamera looked like in October 1989, about a month before the fall of the Berlin Wall -- the news reader is the same:

WW
WW Update
Here's a really interesting TV station: Telesaar. It was a commercial operation in the French protectorate of the Saar before the protectorate joined West Germany in 1957 -- as Saarland -- after a referendum. (When it was still a protectorate, the Saar even competed independently at the Olympics.)

Apparently, Telesaar was Europe's first privately owned, fully commercial TV station when it signed on in 1953.

Here's a fantastic site devoted to the history of the station (in German):

http://www.saar-nostalgie.de/Telesaar.htm

And here's the site in English via Google Translate:

http://translate.google.com/translate?hl=en&sl=de&u=http://www.saar-nostalgie.de/Telesaar.htm&prev=/search%3Fq%3Dtelesaar%26hl%3Den%26biw%3D1600%26bih%3D775&sa=X&ei=ypc6UbOOJ6muyQH7xICYAQ&ved=0CEcQ7gEwAw

http://www.saar-nostalgie.de/Bilder/SR/TelesaarTestb1.jpg

http://www.saar-nostalgie.de/Bilder/SR/Fernsehprogramm1c.JPG
Source: saar-nostalgie.de

Telesaar was eventually shut down after the protectorate joined West Germany. However, a French-language commercial radio station based in the Saar, Europe1, survived the handover, ended up playing a major role on the French radio landscape, and still operates today. (Plans for a TV version of Europe 1, on the other hand, were never realized.)
Last edited by WW Update on 9 March 2013 2:17am
WW
WW Update
American Forces in Vietnam Network (AFVN), Saigon (now Ho Chi Minh City) in what was then South Vietnam, 1973 -- ident and news:

WW
WW Update
TVP in Communist Poland, the main evening news, 1976 (intro sequence only, poor quality):



Five years later and Poland is under martial law in the wake of the crackdown on Solidarity -- the anchors are all military men in uniform:



It's now 1984, and martial law is over (but Communist rule remains):

Last edited by WW Update on 12 March 2013 7:51pm - 3 times in total
RE
remlap
Nearly an hour worth of Soviet era Estonia adverts

DB
dbl
Very American style... (I wouldn't have sensed it was Soviet at first glance)

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