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UTV strike 1990s?

(May 2015)

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TC
TonyCurrie
When television began in Northern Ireland, a temporary transmitter in a caravan was set up in time to show pictures of the Coronation. The transmitter was sited at Glencairn and the feed was an off-air rebroadcast of Kirk o'Shotts. When the permanent station at Divis took over, it too took pictures from Kirk o'Shotts and audio via Post Office lines. So in 405 days, the channel 3 signal from Kirk o'Shotts was certainly receivable in some north-eastern parts of the island. However, as Markymark points out, aerials even for 405 would need to have been designed for channel 3, vertcially polarised and pointed towards Scotland rather than designed for channel 1, horizontally polarised, and pointed at Divis mountain.

As an aside, this arrangement came to an end when Sandale (near Wigton) came on air and there was then an arrangement whereby the signals from Holme Moss and Sandale were both picked up on Snaefell (the highest point on the Isle of Man) and then fed on UHF (before it was used for broadcasting) to Belfast.
RI
Richard
Was it possible in some parts of Northern Ireland to pick up the Scottish TV signals on analogue, such as BBC Scotland and, more appropriate for this thread, STV or Border? If so, then I suppose for viewers that may have been one way for them to get around the disruption, by simply tuning a spare button onto STV or Border?


Cambret Hill near Creetown in Dumfries was receivable in parts of Northern Ireland, but that (or any other
transmitter) would have required a dedicated aerial in most cases to yield a watchable picture


Cambret Hill is still receivable in coastal areas of Co Down in the digital era. Until 2007/8, Channel 5 analogue was broadcast from Cambret Hill on the same channel as Black Mountain in Belfast, causing co-channel interference for much of Northern Ireland.

Conversely there were parts of Scotland which could only receive TV from Northern Ireland - http://hansard.millbanksystems.com/commons/1967/jul/19/television-reception-galloway#S5CV0750P0_19670719_HOC_92

When DTT launched in 1998, some parts of that area could only get digital channels from NI.
MM
MMcG198
In the late-1980s (I can't recall any examples prior to this) and until 1997 when BBC One and BBC Two closedowns ceased, if BBC One Northern Ireland or BBC Two Northern Ireland closed down after Network but before the equivalent BBC Scotland channel, Divis (the main transmitter site in Northern Ireland) would switch to rebroadcasting BBC Scotland. I can't be certain which Scottish transmitter site was being picked up.

I can't recall exactly how the analogue transmitter chain worked in Northern Ireland. There are three main transmitter sites in Northern Ireland: Divis, Limavady and Brougher Mountain. However, I recall a point in the 1990s where major engineering work was taking place at Divis (the transmitter pole at the top of the mast was replaced) which resulted in loss of service to all of Northern Ireland. So, feeds from the Divis site to the other two main transmitters were affected during this work. So, in terms of the rebroadcast of BBC Scotland that I reference above, was it the case that Divis went into rebroadcast mode and sent this signal down the line to Limavady and Brougher Mountain? I picked up these signals in the Derry area (relay of Limavady) and picture quality was pretty decent on most occasions. Here's a sample from a BBC One Scotland closedown:

http://thetvroom.com/images/pool-0/022/main-438.jpg
CO
Colm
For clarification, when I said "network feed" in my previous message on this thread, what UTV viewers saw that night was News at Ten broadcast with no commercials in the break before, during and after - and in the regional bulletin slot, a programme menu was shown instead. I'm unsure where that could have been sourced from - I can't recall whether or not it used the graphics package ITV-branded trailers used at the time, but I'm quiet sure there wasn't a reference to ITV, UTV or any other programme company. Apologies for any confusion over the choice of words I used.

In terms of Border/STV received via analogue signals on the coastal fringes of Northern Ireland, I have relatives who live on the coast who would frequently pick up both regions during favourable weather. I remember watching a snowy Border signal, picked up via an internal antenna, when visiting their house one New Year; the first time I'd seen another ITV region's broadcasts.
SC
Si-Co
The 1969 fire: the transmitter at Black Hill had a slide scanner and a microphone, so the announcer - Drew Russell - was able to voice over some rudimentary captions between programmes. Black Hill had a network feed, so the Post office was able to switch programmes direct to the transmitter. They carried the 6pm edition of Granada Reports, which led with film of the STV fire which had been processed locally and then - if memory serves correctly - fed down the line from BBC Scotland's facilities at Queen Margaret Drive. It was a case of taking the scheduled programme if possible, and if not, whatever might be available from one of the two network lines.

I was at STV when a digger tore through the links from Cowcaddens to Black Hill, and on that occasion (as again when there was a power failure at Cowcaddens) Black Hill switched to an off-air feed of Grampian, rebroadcasting the Angus transmitter. There were receive aerials on the 1,000 foot mast which provided good quality rebroadcastable feeds of both Grampian and Border and latterly, Ulster as picked up at Darvel and fed by microwave to Salsburgh. When Grampian was rebroadcast, it included their commercials and continuity. I also recall the reverse happening at least once when a power failure knocked out Queen's Cross and Grampian viewers were switched to STV.

It is worth pointing out that until the advent of a common "ITV" programme, there was no actual "network feed" as the netrowk was reconfigured during the end break of every programme, and if you simply sat on that you might get crashes and splashes and perhaps not the programme you expected. Most stations had two incoming lines, one of which would normally be used for the fully networked programmes like Coronation Street. The other would carry feeds when regions took varying schedules - STV would take "Crossroads" from Southern for example as they shared a 1720 TX time, along with HTV. On very rare occasions, both network lines were busy and STV would take a particular programme from a third line that was fed a circuitous route through the Borders.

The BBC's UHF transmissions from Selkirk were simply a rebroadcast of Black Hill, so the caption would probably have originated at Queen Margaret Drive, as I don't think Black Hill had caption injection facilities for the BBC. In the days of 405 lines, all ITV main stations could radiate a Test Card that carried the legend "Reduced Power", and major BBC stations could do the same. However once UHF transmissions began, it was an expensive business to instal a dedicated colour slide scanner so there were fewer of those around. That was why the BBC (initially) switched to using the electronically-generated PM5544 card in the regions, as the generator for this was cheaper to instal and required almost no maintenance.


Fascinating stuff, as always, Tony.

I'm quite intrigued by the idea of transmitters being switched to broadcast an off-air feed from a neighbouring region, as I don't ever recall this happening in my neck of the woods back in the day. I remember breakdowns due to power failures, evacuations etc but all I remember seeing instead were captions from the transmitter, or on one occasion a U.S. comedy clean fed from a Granada line that was still open. The down time I refer to, however, rarely lasted more than an hour or so.

What factors would influence whether a neighbouring station should be rebroadcast? The anticipated down time, or the time of day, what programmes were being missed, etc? And who was responsible for making that decision?
MA
Markymark
Si-Co posted:

What factors would influence whether a neighbouring station should be rebroadcast? The anticipated down time, or the time of day, what programmes were being missed, etc? And who was responsible for making that decision?


Pre 1991, the legal entity broadcaster, in other words the IBA
SP
Steve in Pudsey
Transmitters rebroadcasting another region that was staying on a bit later was a fairly regular occurrence, apparently.

Eventually I believe regions who were closing earlier than others would put a test card or similar up after closing down until the other regions had also shut down.
RO
robertclark125
How did this strike impact upon Schools programming? Obviously, it was still being broadcast on ITV as opposed to Channel 4, and there also may well have been UTV opt outs in the Schools block. So, what did they do regards schools programming?
MA
Markymark
Transmitters rebroadcasting another region that was staying on a bit later was a fairly regular occurrence, apparently.

Eventually I believe regions who were closing earlier than others would put a test card or similar up after closing down until the other regions had also shut down.


You mean for the Beeb ? The BBC had a VBI ident system that was supposed to inhibit RBS switching
during regional opts, but it was far from fool proof (at least in this part of the world).

The ITV network had no automatically initiated RBS, human (and 'legal') intervention was always required

C4 had a smattering of RBS introduced in the 90s, but only if the same macro region could be carried.
For instance Hannington used Mendip (and not CP) for its RBS source

During the 00s, D-Sat feeds were used for ITV RBS sources in some areas, and after Westcountry's Plymouth base was shut down, the entire region's analogue network was fed
by reception of Astra until DSO (with a suitably higher bit rate stream !)
NG
noggin Founding member

During the 00s, D-Sat feeds were used for ITV RBS sources in some areas, and after Westcountry's Plymouth base was shut down, the entire region's analogue network was fed
by reception of Astra until DSO (with a suitably higher bit rate stream !)


And although all the major transmitters are now directly fibre fed, there is a single high bitrate (70+Mbs?) transponder on Intelsat 907 carrying backup feeds for PSB1 and PSB3 channels.

AIUI this satellite feed is there in case of a loss of fibre at a main transmitter site?

http://en.kingofsat.net/tp.php?tp=1524
Last edited by noggin on 16 May 2015 11:38am
HA
harshy Founding member
It comes with a crazy SR of 44100 most boxes only have a max SR of 30000
NG
noggin Founding member
It comes with a crazy SR of 44100 most boxes only have a max SR of 30000


Yep - and it has AAC audio for the HD content (which is unusual for satellite, though common on newer terrestrial platforms).

There are receivers out there - and some (but not all) PCI-E DVB-S2 cards will go to that SR.

Plus the feeds are encrypted.

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